What does it mean to have good tone on the flute? And how does one achieve it?
First, let us consider the elements of good tone. First, tone involves intonation. A flute that is out of tone cannot be said to have a good tone. Second involves vibrato. A pitch must have the appropriate amount of vibrato. However, one should be able to create a good tone without any vibrato. Third is consistency. A pitch should have a good sound throughout the register and dynamics.
In order to teach tone, it is important to understand where tone comes from. Tone is created by the movement of air over the aperture (opening) of the flute. Therefore, the most important considerations for creating a good tone is the shape of the mouth (embouchure) and the flow of air. If a flutist has a bad tone, it is probably because they are having problems with these issues.
Let’s start with air flow. It is important first of all to be able to have enough air to create a quality sound. Make sure you take a big breath while using the diaphragm. Exhalation should be able to travel throughout the body without obstruction. Many flutists struggle with tension. It is important to avoid tension in the neck in order to keep the throat open. If after making these corrections, the flute still sounds weak and breathy, then increase the air flow by making it spin. If the flute sounds harsh and brassy, it is because the flute is “covered,” or the mouth is too much over the hole.
A good embouchure is one that is the correct space and distance from the hole. It should not be too wide. The best way to maintain a good embouchure is to practice every day to exercise the muscles of the mouth. Moyse De La Sonorite is the most recommended set of daily exercises for the flute. Trevor Wye also has an excellent book on the subject. It is not enough, however, to make tone practice a part of your daily routine. It is necessary that the exercises include the low, medium and high registers. Some teachers recommend the use of harmonics as a tone warmup.
Creating a good tone can take a lifetime. It takes time and patience. But improvement comes with exercise and experience. Hopefully I can say that my tone is better now that it used to be, but still can be better in the future.